The five civil law categories frequently resolved via civil litigation do NOT include which?

• A. Criminal law
• B. Tort law
• C. Property law
• D. Contract law

Answer: (A)

Civil litigation handles private disputes where parties seek remedies like damages or injunctions for non-criminal issues. Among common civil-law areas are torts (wrongful injuries or harms), contracts (breach of agreement), property matters (ownership and use of real or personal property), family law (divorces, custody, support), and estates/probate (transferring assets after death). Criminal law, by contrast, concerns offenses against the state or public order and is pursued by government prosecutors, not private parties. It uses a higher standard of proof and a different legal process. Because of that distinction, criminal law is not a civil-law category, which is why it’s the correct choice for “not included.”