According to the textbook, how many levels of security are considered in developing a working definition?

• A. Four
• B. Two
• C. One
• D. Three

Answer: (B)

Two levels are considered. The textbook frames a working definition of security by dividing focus into an external layer and an internal layer. The external layer addresses threats and risks that come from outside the organization—things in the surrounding environment, regulatory pressures, and external actors. The internal layer covers safeguards, procedures, access controls, and how people and processes within the organization operate to protect assets. This dual perspective ensures the definition is broad enough to capture external dangers while being concrete enough to guide day-to-day security measures. Expanding to more levels can complicate the definition without adding practical clarity, while reducing to a single level risks overlooking either external risks or internal controls.